It's time to post about bugs. Got a call at the hotline about T-H-R-I-P-S.
It made me realize that San Antonio has got a really bad thrips problem this year.
Could be the ChilliThrips or Flower Thrips.
It's time to find out!!
I've got plumbago dying back. Read that Chilli Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis, was the culprit.
Here is a link from the University of Florida about Chilli Thrips:
http://spdn.ifas.ufl.edu/Chillithrips.htm
A link about roses and Chilli Thrips
http://www.centralfloridarosesociety.org/file.asp?tableName=tblRoseInformation&idField=infoId&namePrefix=file&idValue=36
About all I can say is Yuck!!! Is there any hope for my roses? Hardly a bloom this year.
Do I fight?
A link regarding biological control:
http://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/THRIPS/CHILLIWEB2/chilli-doc/Biological%20Control%20Sub%208-22-2008.pdf
Rutgers University Study on chemical control of thrips on ornamentals:
http://ir4.rutgers.edu/ornamental/SummaryReports/ThripsDataSummary2008.pdf
Wednesday, October 8, 2008
Monday, October 6, 2008
Texas Plant Disease Handbook
Texas Plant Disease Handbook (General)
Comprehensive. No pictures. Covers all types of plants, ornamentals, vegetables etc. http://plantpathology.tamu.edu/Texlab/index.htm
Comprehensive. No pictures. Covers all types of plants, ornamentals, vegetables etc. http://plantpathology.tamu.edu/Texlab/index.htm
Citrus
Texas Plant Disease Handbook Citrus (Photos)
http://plantpathology.tamu.edu/texlabn/fruits/Citrus/citrus.html
http://plantpathology.tamu.edu/texlabn/fruits/Citrus/citrus.html
Monday, September 29, 2008
Veggies
From Texas A&M Handbook Introduction with general information on plant disease
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/veghandbook/chapter7/chapter7.html
Texas A&M Curcurbit Problem Solver (Photos)
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/cucurbit/intro.html
Texas A&M Tomato Problem Solver (Photos)
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/tomatoproblemsolver/index.html
Texas Plant Disease Handbook Peppers (Photos)
http://plantpathology.tamu.edu/texlabn/vegetables/Pepper/pepper.htm
Texas Plant Disease Handbook Onions (Photos)http://plantpathology.tamu.edu/texlabn/vegetables/Onion/onion.htm
Cornell University Vegetable Problem Solver
http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/veghandbook/chapter7/chapter7.html
Texas A&M Curcurbit Problem Solver (Photos)
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/cucurbit/intro.html
Texas A&M Tomato Problem Solver (Photos)
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/tomatoproblemsolver/index.html
Texas Plant Disease Handbook Peppers (Photos)
http://plantpathology.tamu.edu/texlabn/vegetables/Pepper/pepper.htm
Texas Plant Disease Handbook Onions (Photos)http://plantpathology.tamu.edu/texlabn/vegetables/Onion/onion.htm
Cornell University Vegetable Problem Solver
http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/
Thursday, September 18, 2008
Bacterial Leaf Scorch of Shade Trees
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/BLS/default.htm
Article compares, Leaf Scorch due to abiotic stress with biotic stress. Lists symptoms of both.
Bacterial Leaf Scorch is a vascular disease.
BLS is one of a group of diseases caused by Xylella fastidiosa.
BLS of oak may be confused with oak wilt, another vascular disease. Like BLS, initial symptoms of oak wilt appear as scorched leaves. Unlike BLS, however, scorching appears in spring to early summer, and trees defoliate and die within several months after symptoms appear.
Article compares, Leaf Scorch due to abiotic stress with biotic stress. Lists symptoms of both.
Bacterial Leaf Scorch is a vascular disease.
BLS is one of a group of diseases caused by Xylella fastidiosa.
BLS of oak may be confused with oak wilt, another vascular disease. Like BLS, initial symptoms of oak wilt appear as scorched leaves. Unlike BLS, however, scorching appears in spring to early summer, and trees defoliate and die within several months after symptoms appear.
Information on Highlighted Pathogen
From APS (American Phytopathological Society)
FUNGI AND FUNGUS-LIKE ORGANISMS
(see also some of the Feature articles on fungal diseases)
Ascomycetes/Imperfect Fungi
Apple scab
Anthracnose of turfgrass
Black knot
Black Sigatoka of bananas and plantains
Sigatoka Negra bananeros y plátaneros (Español)
Sigatoka negra da bananeira e platanos (Portuguese)
Blackleg of oilseed rape including canola
Brown rot of stone fruits
Dollar spot of turfgrass
Dutch elm disease
Early blight of potato and tomato
Pinta-preta (Alternariose) da batata e tomate (Portuguese)
Ergot of rye
Cornezuelo del centeno (Español)
Fusarium head blight
Giberela ou Fusariose (Portuguese)
Fusarium wilt of watermelon and other cucurbits
Leucostoma canker of stone fruits
Monosporascus root rot and vine decline of melons
Rice Blast
Sudden death syndrome of soybean (SDS)
Take-all root rot of small grains and turfgrass
Verticillium wilt
White Mold (Sclerotinia)
Basidiomycetes
Armillaria root disease
Brown root rot
Coffee rust
Common smut of corn
Rhizoctonia diseases of turfgrass
Southern blight
Soybean Rust
Stem rust of wheat and barley
Stinking smut (common bunt) of wheat
White pine blister rust
Oomycetes
Aphanomyces root rot or common root rot of legumes
Black Shank of Tobacco
Downy mildew of grape
Late blight of potato and tomato
Requeima (míldio, pt) da batateira e tomateiro (Portuguese)
Phytophthora blight of cucurbits
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean
Pythium blight of turfgrass
Sudden oak death, ramorum leaf blight, ramorum shoot blight
Taro leaf blight
NEMATODES
Lesion nematode
Pine wilt disease
Root-knot nematode
Soybean cyst nematode
Sting nematode
PROKARYOTES
(see also some of the Feature articles on prokaryote diseases)
Bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits
Bacterial leaf scorch
Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato
Blackleg of potato
Citrus canker
Crown gall
Lethal Yellowing of Palms
Fire blight of apple and pear
Stewart's wilt of corn
FUNGI AND FUNGUS-LIKE ORGANISMS
(see also some of the Feature articles on fungal diseases)
Ascomycetes/Imperfect Fungi
Apple scab
Anthracnose of turfgrass
Black knot
Black Sigatoka of bananas and plantains
Sigatoka Negra bananeros y plátaneros (Español)
Sigatoka negra da bananeira e platanos (Portuguese)
Blackleg of oilseed rape including canola
Brown rot of stone fruits
Dollar spot of turfgrass
Dutch elm disease
Early blight of potato and tomato
Pinta-preta (Alternariose) da batata e tomate (Portuguese)
Ergot of rye
Cornezuelo del centeno (Español)
Fusarium head blight
Giberela ou Fusariose (Portuguese)
Fusarium wilt of watermelon and other cucurbits
Leucostoma canker of stone fruits
Monosporascus root rot and vine decline of melons
Rice Blast
Sudden death syndrome of soybean (SDS)
Take-all root rot of small grains and turfgrass
Verticillium wilt
White Mold (Sclerotinia)
Basidiomycetes
Armillaria root disease
Brown root rot
Coffee rust
Common smut of corn
Rhizoctonia diseases of turfgrass
Southern blight
Soybean Rust
Stem rust of wheat and barley
Stinking smut (common bunt) of wheat
White pine blister rust
Oomycetes
Aphanomyces root rot or common root rot of legumes
Black Shank of Tobacco
Downy mildew of grape
Late blight of potato and tomato
Requeima (míldio, pt) da batateira e tomateiro (Portuguese)
Phytophthora blight of cucurbits
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean
Pythium blight of turfgrass
Sudden oak death, ramorum leaf blight, ramorum shoot blight
Taro leaf blight
NEMATODES
Lesion nematode
Pine wilt disease
Root-knot nematode
Soybean cyst nematode
Sting nematode
PROKARYOTES
(see also some of the Feature articles on prokaryote diseases)
Bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits
Bacterial leaf scorch
Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato
Blackleg of potato
Citrus canker
Crown gall
Lethal Yellowing of Palms
Fire blight of apple and pear
Stewart's wilt of corn
Wednesday, September 17, 2008
Leaf Spots-Bacteria or Fungal?
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/rowcrops/pp1244.pdf
Bacterial Leaf Spot on Pepper:
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/BacterialSpot/default.htm
Because the most obvious symptoms occur on leaves, the disease is often referred to as "bacterial leaf spot." Symptoms begin as small, yellow-green lesions on young leaves which usually appear deformed and twisted (Figure 8), or as dark, water soaked, greasy-appearing lesions on older foliage (Figure 9). Lesions develop rapidly to a size of 0.25 to 0.5 cm (0.1 to 0.2 in.) wide and become tan to brownish-red. Lesion shape is defined by leaf veinlets, so the shape is angular rather than the round shape that is more typical of fungal leaf spots or injury caused by some pesticides or other chemical sprays.
Lesions often are more numerous at the tip and margin of the leaf where moisture such as dew is retained (Figure 10). Under dry conditions, diseased leaves can develop a tattered appearance as the leaf margin and lesion centers become necrotic, dry up and disintegrate. Lesion size is often larger and symptoms are more severe when extended periods (> 12 hours) of moisture-saturated tissue occur.
Bacterial Leaf Spot on Pepper:
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/BacterialSpot/default.htm
Because the most obvious symptoms occur on leaves, the disease is often referred to as "bacterial leaf spot." Symptoms begin as small, yellow-green lesions on young leaves which usually appear deformed and twisted (Figure 8), or as dark, water soaked, greasy-appearing lesions on older foliage (Figure 9). Lesions develop rapidly to a size of 0.25 to 0.5 cm (0.1 to 0.2 in.) wide and become tan to brownish-red. Lesion shape is defined by leaf veinlets, so the shape is angular rather than the round shape that is more typical of fungal leaf spots or injury caused by some pesticides or other chemical sprays.
Lesions often are more numerous at the tip and margin of the leaf where moisture such as dew is retained (Figure 10). Under dry conditions, diseased leaves can develop a tattered appearance as the leaf margin and lesion centers become necrotic, dry up and disintegrate. Lesion size is often larger and symptoms are more severe when extended periods (> 12 hours) of moisture-saturated tissue occur.
Fruit Gardening in Texas
General Information Handbook
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/fruitgarden/fruitgarden.html
Stone Fruit Pests
http://www.plantanswers.com/homeowner_peach_guide.pdf
The most common question about fruit:
Self Pollinating?
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/fruitgarden/fruitgarden.html
Stone Fruit Pests
http://www.plantanswers.com/homeowner_peach_guide.pdf
The most common question about fruit:
Self Pollinating?
Turf Disease
Take All Root Rot
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/TakeAll/default.htm
http://www.plantanswers.com/root_rot_fungus.htm
Brown Patch
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/Rhizoctonia/default.htm
Identification and Control of Turf Disease
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/turf/publications/disease1.html
Grubs
http://www.plantanswers.com/White_Grubs_in_Texas_Turfgrass.pdf
General
http://www.plantanswers.com/2007_st_augustine_probs.pdf
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/TakeAll/default.htm
http://www.plantanswers.com/root_rot_fungus.htm
Brown Patch
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/Rhizoctonia/default.htm
Identification and Control of Turf Disease
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/turf/publications/disease1.html
Grubs
http://www.plantanswers.com/White_Grubs_in_Texas_Turfgrass.pdf
General
http://www.plantanswers.com/2007_st_augustine_probs.pdf
Illustrated Pathogen Glossary
http://www.apsnet.org/education/IllustratedGlossary/default.htm
Cornell University Glossary
http://ppathw3.cals.cornell.edu/glossary/Defs_A.htm#The%20A%27s
Cornell University Glossary
http://ppathw3.cals.cornell.edu/glossary/Defs_A.htm#The%20A%27s
General Information About Pathogens
Pathogen Groups
http://www.apsnet.org/education/IntroPlantPath/PathogenGroups/default.htm
Classification of Pathogens
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/historyoflife.php
Powdery Mildew
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LabExercises/PowderyMildew/Top.html
http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/pmildew/Top.html
http://www.apsnet.org/education/K-12PlantPathways/TeachersGuide/Activities/PowderyMildew/exercisepg1.htm
Unversity of Wisconsin Online Images
Micro Images http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/
General
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/
http://www.apsnet.org/education/IntroPlantPath/PathogenGroups/default.htm
Classification of Pathogens
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/historyoflife.php
Powdery Mildew
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LabExercises/PowderyMildew/Top.html
http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/pmildew/Top.html
http://www.apsnet.org/education/K-12PlantPathways/TeachersGuide/Activities/PowderyMildew/exercisepg1.htm
Unversity of Wisconsin Online Images
Micro Images http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/
General
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/
Common Names and Scientific Names
Common names of plant diseases
http://www.apsnet.org/online/common/toc.asp
http://www.apsnet.org/online/common/toc.asp
Research
The American Phytopathological Society
keep issues of their journal, Plant Disease online
http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis?open=2008+-+Volume+92
keep issues of their journal, Plant Disease online
http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis?open=2008+-+Volume+92
Tuesday, September 16, 2008
Turf-Notes and Clips
September:
Apply a pre-emergent herbicide to prevent weeds in your turfgrass this winter. Portrait is excellent for broadleaf weed control, but a Crabgrass preventer with Dimension tends to minimize both broadleaf weeds as well as annual unwanted grassy weeds. The product Amaze or XL-2G, is an excellent pre-emergent herbicide in flower beds for weed control prevention. Always read and follow label instructions.
Cut way back on the lawn irrigation this month to avoid brown patch. If you already have brown patch or other diseases in the lawn, treat it with a fungicide.
October:
Fertilization:
This equates to about 5-7 lbs. of a 15-19% nitrogen manufactured mix or 23 lbs of 4 % organic mix per 1,000 square feet. The nutrients will be stored for a fast start in the spring. Be sure it says "Winterizer" on the bag.
Winter:
Irrigation:
Lawns need at least one inch of water every fourteen days, if no rain is in the forecast.
Aerate Lawns and apply top dressing of compost.
March:
Tune up your lawnmower, and be sure the blade is properly sharpened. A properly sharpened lawn mower blade cuts the grass, a dull blade tears the grass blades
April
Fertilization:
Mow your lawn at least two times or wait until April 15. After that time, consider applying a fertilizer with a 3-1-2, 4-1-2 or19-5-9 ratio.
If your lawn is a little yellow (chlorotic), use six tablespoons of iron sulfate dissolved in one gallon of water used as a spray. It will green your lawn up fast. Use green sand later, as a long term preventative in late April and again in mid-October
May
Seeding a Bermuda lawn. (Early May)
If you are starting a new Bermuda grass lawn, use 2-3 lbs. of seed per 1,000 sq. ft. on well-prepared soil and water twice a day.
Brownpatch Link:
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/Rhizoctonia/default.htm
Apply a pre-emergent herbicide to prevent weeds in your turfgrass this winter. Portrait is excellent for broadleaf weed control, but a Crabgrass preventer with Dimension tends to minimize both broadleaf weeds as well as annual unwanted grassy weeds. The product Amaze or XL-2G, is an excellent pre-emergent herbicide in flower beds for weed control prevention. Always read and follow label instructions.
Cut way back on the lawn irrigation this month to avoid brown patch. If you already have brown patch or other diseases in the lawn, treat it with a fungicide.
October:
Fertilization:
This equates to about 5-7 lbs. of a 15-19% nitrogen manufactured mix or 23 lbs of 4 % organic mix per 1,000 square feet. The nutrients will be stored for a fast start in the spring. Be sure it says "Winterizer" on the bag.
Winter:
Irrigation:
Lawns need at least one inch of water every fourteen days, if no rain is in the forecast.
Aerate Lawns and apply top dressing of compost.
March:
Tune up your lawnmower, and be sure the blade is properly sharpened. A properly sharpened lawn mower blade cuts the grass, a dull blade tears the grass blades
April
Fertilization:
Mow your lawn at least two times or wait until April 15. After that time, consider applying a fertilizer with a 3-1-2, 4-1-2 or19-5-9 ratio.
If your lawn is a little yellow (chlorotic), use six tablespoons of iron sulfate dissolved in one gallon of water used as a spray. It will green your lawn up fast. Use green sand later, as a long term preventative in late April and again in mid-October
May
Seeding a Bermuda lawn. (Early May)
If you are starting a new Bermuda grass lawn, use 2-3 lbs. of seed per 1,000 sq. ft. on well-prepared soil and water twice a day.
Brownpatch Link:
http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/Rhizoctonia/default.htm
Links
University of Wisconsin Plant Pathology Master Gardener Training
http://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/PDDCEducation/MasterGardener/General/TofC.htm
Tree Plant Disease Images
http://www.forestryimages.org/diseases.cfm
Categories:
Root and Butt / Root and Stem Diseases
Stem Decays and Cankers
Foliage Diseases
Vascular Wilts
Stem and Leaf Rusts
Broom Rusts
Unknown Biotic Damage Agent
Diseases of Insects
Misc. Fungi
Ohio State Online Master Gardener Training
http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/mg/manual/path.htm#z
Plant Diagnosis
http://www.apsnet.org/education/IntroPlantPath/Topics/plantdisease/top.htm
Texas A&M Uvalde
http://uvalde.tamu.edu/STAFF/MG%20outline.htm
http://www.plantpath.wisc.edu/PDDCEducation/MasterGardener/General/TofC.htm
Tree Plant Disease Images
http://www.forestryimages.org/diseases.cfm
Categories:
Root and Butt / Root and Stem Diseases
Stem Decays and Cankers
Foliage Diseases
Vascular Wilts
Stem and Leaf Rusts
Broom Rusts
Unknown Biotic Damage Agent
Diseases of Insects
Misc. Fungi
Ohio State Online Master Gardener Training
http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/mg/manual/path.htm#z
Plant Diagnosis
http://www.apsnet.org/education/IntroPlantPath/Topics/plantdisease/top.htm
Texas A&M Uvalde
http://uvalde.tamu.edu/STAFF/MG%20outline.htm
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